Officially dubbed IBM SPSS Statistics, most users still refer to it as SPSS. As the world standard for social-science data analysis, SPSS is widely coveted due to its straightforward and English-like command language and impressively thorough user manual.
SPSS is a widely used program for statistical analysis in social science.[6] It is also used by market researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing organizations, data miners,[7] and others. The original SPSS manual (Nie, Bent & Hull, 1970)[8] has been described as one of "sociology's most influential books" for allowing ordinary researchers to do their own statistical analysis.[9] In addition to statistical analysis, data management (case selection, file reshaping, creating derived data) and data documentation (a metadata dictionary is stored in the datafile) are features of the base software.
Manual spss 23 pdf
The graphical user interface has two views which can be toggled by clicking on one of the two tabs in the bottom left of the SPSS Statistics window. The 'Data View' shows a spreadsheet view of the cases (rows) and variables (columns). Unlike spreadsheets, the data cells can only contain numbers or text, and formulas cannot be stored in these cells. The 'Variable View' displays the metadata dictionary where each row represents a variable and shows the variable name, variable label, value label(s), print width, measurement type, and a variety of other characteristics. Cells in both views can be manually edited, defining the file structure and allowing data entry without using command syntax. This may be sufficient for small datasets. Larger datasets such as statistical surveys are more often created in data entry software, or entered during computer-assisted personal interviewing, by scanning and using optical character recognition and optical mark recognition software, or by direct capture from online questionnaires. These datasets are then read into SPSS. 2ff7e9595c
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